The Ottomans murdered Armenian men and forced survivors and children to march into the Syrian desert. About 1.1 million perished.
Armenian Genocide
Mass killings and forced marches into Syrian desert; ~1.1M perished.

Photograph shows a poor, widowed Armenian woman and her children, Makarid (on her back) and Nuvart (standing next to her). 1900. Source: George Grantham Bain Collection (Library of Congress).